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Pinyin - Finals
This section teaches "Pinyin" which is a standard system of representing Mandarin with Roman letters. This tutorial allows you to hear and practice these sounds until you sound like the native speaker.

Pinyin lessons :

   Introduction
   Initials
   Finals
   Spelling rules
   - Group 1
 - Group 2
 - Group 3
 - Group 4
 - Group 5
 - Group 6
 - Group 7
 
   Combination tables
   - Table 1 (a,o,e,i)
 - Table 2 (i)
 - Table 3 (u,ü)
   Tones
   Change of tone

Finals

There are two kinds of finals in the Chinese phonetic alphabet, single finals and compound finals. Their positions are in the rear of a syllable. There are six simple finals which are noted here by a blue link.

  (i) (u) (ü)
(a) ia (ya) ua (wa)  
(o)   uo (wo)  
(e) ie (ye)
  üe (yue)
ai   uai (wai)  
ei   uei (wei)  
ao iao (yao)    
ou iou (you)    
an ian (yan) uan (wan) üan (yuan)
en in (yin) uen (wen) ün (yun)
ang iang (yang) uang (wang)  
eng ing (ying) ueng (weng)  
ong iong (yong)    
er      

Pronunciation hint:
'ie' is analogous to the pronunciation of 'ye' in the English word 'yes'.
'ai' is analogous to the sound of 'y' in the English word 'by'.
'e' is analogous to the sound of 'e' in the English word 'her'.
'er' is analogous to the sound of 'er' in the English word 'sister'.
'ei' is analogous to the sound of 'ay' in the English word 'bay'.
'ou' is analogous to the sound of 'o' in the English word 'go'.
'an' is analogous to the sound of 'an' in the English word 'can'.
Please pay attention to the differences between front nasal sounds and rear nasal sounds of the following three groups:
in / ing an / ang en / eng